Rules: Glossary

A Relief Pitching statistic indicating the percentage of runners on
base at the time a relief pitcher enters a game that he allows to
score.

1st Batter OBP

The On-Base Percentage allowed by a relief pitcher
to the first batter he faces in a game.

Active Career Batting Leaders

Minimum of 1,000 At Bats required for Batting Average,
On-Base Percentage, Slugging Percentage, At Bats Per HR, At Bats Per
GDP, At Bats Per RBI, and K/BB Ratio. One hundred (100) Stolen Base
Attempts required for Stolen Base Success %. Any player who appeared
in 1995 is eligible for inclusion provided he meets the category's
minimum requirements.

Active Career Pitching Leaders

Minimum of 750 Innings Pitched required for Earned
Run Average, Opponent Batting Average, all of the Per 9 Innings
categories, and Strikeout to Walk Ratio. Two hundred fifty (250)
Games Started required for Complete Game Frequency. One hundred
(100) decisions required for Win-Loss Percentage. Any player who
appeared in 1995 is eligible for inclusion provided he meets the
category's minimum requirements.

BA ScPos Allowed

Batting Average Allowed with Runners in Scoring Position.

Baserunners per Nine Innings

These are the hits, walks and hit batsmen allowed per nine innings.

Bases Loaded

This category shows a player's batting average in bases loaded
situation.

Batting Average

Hits divided by At Bats.

Blown Saves

This is charged any time a pitcher comes into a game where a save
situation is in place and he loses the lead.

Catcher's ERA

The Earned Run Average of a club's pitchers with a particular
catcher behind the plate. To figure this for a catcher, multiply the
Earned Runs Allowed by the pitchers while he was catching times nine
and divide that by his number of Innings Caught.

Cleanup Slugging%

The Slugging Percentage of a player when batting fourth in the
batting order.

Clutch

This category shows a player's batting average in the late innings
of close games: the seventh inning or later with the batting team
ahead by one, tied, or has the tying run on base, at bat or on deck.

Complete Game Frequency

Complete Games divided by Games Started.

Defensive Batting Average

A composite statistic incorporating various defensive statistics to
arrive at a number akin to batting average. The formula uses
standard deviations to establish a spread from best to worst.

Earned Run Average (ERA)

(Earned Runs times 9) divided by Innings Pitched.

Fielding Percentage

(Putouts plus Assists) divided by (Putouts plus Assists plus
Errors).

First Batter Efficiency

This statistic tells you the batting average allowed by a relief
pitcher to the first batter he faces.

Game Score

A pitcher's Game Score is determined as follows:
(1)Start with 50. (2)Add 1 point for eachout recorded by the starting pitcher.
(3)Add 2 points for each inning the pitcher completes after the fourth inning.
(4)Add one point for each strikeout.(5)Subtract 2 points for each hit allowed.
(6)Subtract 4 points for each earned run allowed.(7)Subtract 2 points for an
unearned run.(8)Subtract 1 point for a walk.

If the starting pitcher scores over 50 and loses, it is a Tough Loss. If he wins with a
game score under 50, it's a Cheap Win.

GDP per GDP Situation

A GDP situation exists any time there is a man on first with less
than two outs. This statistic measures how often a player grounds
into a double play in that situation.

Go-Ahead RBI

Any time a player drives in a run which gives his team the lead, he
is credited with a go-ahead RBI.

Ground/Fly Ratio (Grd/Fly)

Simply a hitter's ground balls divided by his fly balls. All batted
balls except line drives and bunts are included.

Hold

A Hold is credited any time a relief pitcher enters a game in a Save
Situation (see definition below), records at least one out, and
leaves the game never having relinquished the lead.

Note: a pitcher cannot finish the game and receive credit for a Hold, nor
can he earn a hold and a save.

Inherited Runner

Any runner(s) on base when a relief pitcher enters a game are
considered "inherited" by that pitcher.

Isolated Power

Slugging Percentage minus Batting Average.

K/BB Ratio

Strikeouts divided by Walks.

Late & Close

A Late & Close situation meets the following requirements:

1. the game is in the seventh inning or later, and

2. the batting team is either leading by one run, tied, or has the
   potential tying run on base, at bat, or on deck.

Note: this situation is very similar to the characteristics of a Save
Situation.

Leadoff On Base%

The On-Base Percentage of a player when batting first in the batting
order.

No Decision (ND)

The result when a starter is credited with neither a win nor a loss.

OBP+SLUG (OPS)

On-base percentage plus slugging percentage.

Offensive Winning Percentage (OWP)

The Winning Percentage a team of nine Fred McGriffs (or anybody)
would compile against average pitching and defense. The formula:
(Runs Created per 27 outs) divided by the League average of runs
scored per game. Square the result and divide it by (1+itself).

On Base Percentage

(Hits plus Walks plus Hit by Pitcher) divided by (At Bats plus Walks
plus Hit by Pitcher plus Sacrifice Flies).

Opponent Batting Average

Hits Allowed divided by (Batters Faced minus Walks minus Hit Batsmen
minus Sacrifice Hits minus Sacrifice Flies minus Catcher's
Interference).

Outfielder Hold Percentage

A statistic used to evaluate outfielders' throwing arms. "Hold
Percentage" is computed by dividing extra bases taken (by
baserunners) by the number of opportunities. For example, if a
single is lined to center field with men on first and second, and
one man scores while the other stops at second, that is one extra
base taken on two opportunities, a 50.0 hold percentage.

PA*

The divisor for On Base Percentage: At Bats plus Walks plus Hit By
Pitcher plus Sacrifice Flies; or Plate Appearances minus Sacrifice
Hits and Times Reached Base on Defensive Interference.

PCS (Pitchers' Caught Stealing)

The number of runners officially counted as Caught Stealing where
the initiator of the fielding play was the pitcher, not the catcher.
Note: such plays are often referred to as pickoffs, but appear in
official records as Caught Stealings. The most common pitcher caught
stealing scenario is a 1-3-6 fielding play, where the runner is
officially charged a Caught Stealing because he broke for second
base. Pickoff (fielding play 1-3 being the most common) is not an
official statistic.

Percentage of Pitches Taken

This tells you how often a player lets a pitch go by without
swinging.

Percentage of Swings Put In Play

This tells you how often a player hits the ball into fair territory,
or is retired on a foul-ball out, when he swings.

Pickoffs (Pk)

The number of times a runner was picked off base by a pitcher.

Pivot Percentage

The number of double plays turned by a second baseman as the pivot
man, divided by the number of opportunities.

PkOf Throw/Runner

The number of pickoff throws made by a pitcher divided by the number
of runners on first base.

Plate Appearances

At Bats plus Total Walks plus Hit By Pitcher plus Sacrifice Hits
plus Sacrifice Flies plus Times Reached on Defensive Interference.

Power/Speed Number

A way to look at power and speed in one number. A player must score
high in both areas to earn a high Power/Speed Number.

The formula: (HR x SB x 2) divided by (HR + SB).

Quality Start

Any start in which a pitcher works six or more innings while
allowing three or fewer earned runs.

Relief Points (Pts)

Wins plus saves minus losses

Run Support Per 9 IP

The number of runs scored by a pitcher's team while he was still in
the game times nine divided by his Innings Pitched.

Runs Created

A way to combine a batter's total offensive contributions into one
number. The formula:

(H + BB + HBP - CS - GIDP) times (Total Bases + .26(TBB - IBB + HBP)
+ .52(SH + SF + SB)) divided by (AB + TBB + HBP + SH + SF).

Runs/Times on Base

This is calculated by dividing Runs Scored by Times on Base

Save Percentage

Saves (SV) divided by Save Opportunities (OP).

Save Situation

A Relief Pitcher is in a Save Situation when upon entering the game
with his club leading, he has the opportunity to be the finishing
pitcher (and is not the winning pitcher of record at the time), and
meets any one of the three following conditions:

1. he has a lead of no more than three runs and has the opportunity
   to pitch for at least one inning, or

2. he enters the game, regardless of the count, with the potential
   tying run either on base, at bat, or on deck; or

3. he pitches three or more innings regardless of the lead and the
   official scorer credits him with a save.

SBA

Stolen-base attempts against a catcher

SB Success%

Stolen Bases divided by (Stolen Bases plus Caught Stealing).

Secondary Average

A way to look at a player's extra bases gained, independent of
Batting Average. The formula:

(Total Bases - Hits + TBB + SB) divided by At Bats.

Slow-A
Otherwise known as "Regular A," these full-season minor leagues
contain less-experienced professional players. The Slow-A leagues
are the Midwest League and South Atlantic League (Sally).

Slugging Percentage

Total Bases divided by At Bats.

Stolen Base Percentage Allowed

This figure indicates how successful opposing baserunners are when
attempting a stolen base. It's stolen bases divided by stolen-base
attempts.

Times on Base

Hits plus walks plus hit by pitch

Total Bases

Hits plus Doubles plus (2 times Triples) plus (3 times Home runs).

Win-Loss Percentage or Winning Percentage

Wins divided by (Wins plus Losses).

Zone Rating

Simply the percentage of balls fielded by a player in his typical
defensive "zone," as measured by STATS reporters.